On the morning of January 28, 1986 held the first space missions greatest failure in the history of mankind. Shuttle Challenger disintegrated 73 seconds after launch, crashing into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Florida. In this tragedy and lost their lives all 7 crew members: commander Francis (Dick) Scobee, Michael J. Smith, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Christa McAuliffe, Gregory Jarvis.
Challenger was the second spacecraft built by NASA, the first being Columbia, which disintegrated in 2003, in an incident during re-entry into Earth's atmosphere, also with seven dead soldier.
The shuttle Challenger managed to make nine complete missions in 1983-1986, bringing the tenth release is the end. Quickly became the favorite of NASA, thanks to improvements in its design, crate marked a number of firsts: with it came the first woman in space, the first African-American first Canadian, and 1983 was the year the first human presence in space, outside the shuttle. Also, the first shuttle Challenger was destroyed during a mission, and the first space shuttle launched overnight.
The tragedy was due to launch a contest of factors, from errors in designing propellers and culminating with the launch someday unusually cold, with a temperature of -1 C, minimum temperature allowed for a space shuttle launch. Contrary to appearances, the shuttle did not explode, but quickly hilbert space disintegrated under the action of huge aerodynamic forces. Fireball observed was simply the result of localized combustion. Cabin crew detached whole, and after 10 seconds was in free fall.
The forces that have driven the car proved insufficient to cause serious injury to crew, who survived scrapping. It is not known exactly how long remained conscious, under depressurization, but the cabin hit the ocean surface at a speed of about 333 km / h, exceeding the limits to which it can survive the impact.
Remains of the shuttle and crew were searched long and recovered from the ocean floor. Human remains that could be identified were returned to families and unidentified remains were buried in a common grave at Arlington Monument Space Shuttle Challenger on May 20, 1986.
Following this tragedy, all space programs have been suspended for almost 3 years to investigate the accident. Opinion surveys have revealed many shortcomings in the work of NASA and led to major changes both propellers design and in terms of flight safety.
The first space launch after the disaster took place on 29 September 1988, when shuttle Discovery successfully replaced a satellite tracking and retransmission. In 1990, the same shuttle hilbert space released Hubble Space Telescope, which has revolutionized modern astronomy.
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